Epistemological and writing beliefs in a first-year college writing course: Exploring shifts across a semester and relationships with argument quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58213/ell.v4i2.53Keywords:
Knowledge beliefs, task-specific beliefs, freshman comp position, persuasive writingAbstract
This study's purpose was to analyze 164 first-year students who had previously participated in another study. Attended a writing course on their rhetorical writing skills and epistemological viewpoints. At the start and conclusion of the semester, students had to complete epistemological and writing belief scales. The argumentative writing assignment that was due after the semester was also gathered. In a sixteen-week semester, correlational studies demonstrated a significant link between students' writing perspectives and their epistemological beliefs. The findings of the research revealed that the students' epistemic viewpoints on how quickly they may learn new information and the particular knowledge they already had experienced considerable change over the semester. In addition, during the semester, the student's perspectives on writing constantly evolved. as a final product, its role in resolving disputes changed considerably. The calibre of the rhetorical writing students creates intimately related to their beliefs about writing. The study examines the students' writing philosophies and contrasts them with their writing abilities.
References
Ahmad, L., & Jena, P. C. (2013). Meta cognitive strategy usage and epistemological beliefs of primary school teacher trainees: An explorative study. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (9), 1-10.
Bartholomae, D. (1986) Inventing the university. Journal of Basic Writing 5, 1, 4-23.
Bean, J. C. (2011). Engaging ideas: The professor's guide to integrating writing, critical thinking, and active learning in the classroom. San Francisco, CA.: John Wiley & Sons.
Berkenkotter, C., Huckin, T. N., & Ackerman, J. (1988). Conventions, conversations, and the writer: Case study of a student in a Rhetoric Ph.D. program. Research in the Teaching of English, 22, 9-44.
Berlin, J. (1987). Rhetoric and reality: Writing instruction in American colleges, 1900-1985.
Carbondale, Il: Southern Illinois University Press.
Berlin, J. (1988). Rhetoric and ideology in the writing class. College English, 50(5), 477-494. http://dx.doi.org /10.2307/377477
Bitzer, L. F. (1992). The rhetorical situation. In J.L. Lucaites, C.M. Condit, & S. Caudill (Eds.) Contemporary rhetorical theory: A reader (pp. 217-225). New York: Guilford Press.
Bizzell (1997). Cognition, convention, and certainty: What we need to know about writing. In V. Villanueva (Ed.), Cross talk in composition theory (pp. 365-389). Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English.
Brownlee, J., Walker, S., Lennox, S., Exley, B., & Pearce, S. (2009). The first-year university experience: Using personal epistemology to understand effective learning and teaching in higher education. Higher Education, 58(5), 599-618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009- 9212-2
Charney, D. (2004). Division of rhetoric and composition: Report on writing assessment. Austin, TX: University of Texas.
Cheng, M. H, Chan, K., Tang, S. Y., & Cheng, A. Y. (2009). Preservice teacher education students’ epistemological beliefs and their conceptions of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(2), 319-327. http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.tate.2008.09.018
Crowley. S. (1998). Composition in the university. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburg Press.
Curtis, M., & Herrington, A. (2003). Writing development in the college years: By whose definition? College Composition and Communication, 55(1), 69-90. http://dx.doi.org /10.2307/3594200
Davis, R., & Shadle, M. (2000). ‘‘Building a mystery’’: Alternative research writing and the academic art of seeking. College Composition and Communication, 51(3), 417-446.
http://dx.doi.org /10.2307/358743
DeBacker, T. K., Crowson, H. M., Beesley, A. D., Thoma, S. J., & Hestevold, N. L. (2008). The challenge of measuring epistemic beliefs: An analysis of three self-report instruments. The Journal of Experimental Education, 76(3), 281-312. http://dx.doi.org /10.3200/JEXE.76.3.281- 314
Eberly, R. (1999). From writers, audiences, and communities to publics: Writing classrooms as protopublic spaces. Rhetoric Review, 18(1), 165-178. http://dx.doi.org /10.1080/ 07350199909359262
Ede, L., & Lunsford, A. (1984). Audience addressed/audience invoked: The role of audience in composition theory and pedagogy. College Composition and Communication, 35(2), 155-171. http://dx.doi.org /10.2307/358093
Elbow, P. (1991). Reflections on academic discourse: How it relates to freshmen and colleagues.
College English, 53(2), 135-155. http://dx.doi.org /10.2307/378193
Fives, H., & Buehl, M. M. (2008). What do teachers believe? Developing a framework for examining beliefs about teachers’ knowledge and ability. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(2), 134-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2008.01.001
Haas, C. (1994). Learning to read biology. Written Communication, 11, 43-84. http://dx.doi.org /10.1177/0741088394011001004
Hairston, M. (1997). Diversity, ideology, and teaching writing. In V. Villanueva (Ed.), Cross talk in composition theory (pp. 659-675). Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English.
Haswell, R. H. (2000). Documenting improvement in college writing: A longitudinal approach.
Written Communication, 17(3), 307-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088300017003001 Hays, J. N., Brandt, K. M., & Chantry, K. H. (1988). The impact of friendly and hostile audiences
on the argumentative writing of high school and college students. Research in the Teaching of English, 22(4), 391-416.
Hays, J. N., & Brandt, K. S. (1992). Socio-cognitive development and students' performance on audience-centered argumentative writing. In M. Secor & D. Charney (Eds.), Constructing rhetorical education (pp. 202-229). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Hillocks, G. (1999). Ways of thinking, ways of teaching. New York: Teachers College Press.
Hofer, B. K., & Pintrich, P. R. (1997). The development of epistemological theories: Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning. Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 88-140. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3102/00346543067001088
Jehng, J. C. J., Johnson, S. D., & Anderson, R. C. (1993). Schooling and students′ epistemological beliefs about learning. Contemporary educational psychology, 18(1), 23-35. http://dx.doi.org /10.1006/ceps.1993.1004
Kardash, C. M., & Scholes, R. J. (1996). Effects of preexisiting beliefs, epistemological beliefs, and need for cognition on interpretation of controversial issues. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88(2), 260. http://dx.doi.org /10.1037/0022-0663.88.2.260
Kienhues, D., Bromme, R., & Stahl, E. (2008). Changing epistemological beliefs: The unexpected
impact of a short‐term intervention. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(4), 545-565. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1348/000709907X268589
King, P. M., & Kitchener, K. S. (1994). Developing reflective judgment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass.
Kuhn, D., Cheney, R., & Weinstock, M. (2000). The development of epistemological understanding. Cognitive Development, 15, 309-328.
Larson, R. L. (1982). The ‘‘research paper’’ in the writing course: A non-form of writing. College
English, 44(8), 811-816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377337
Lunsford, A. A., & Glenn, C. (1990). Rhetorical Theory and the Teaching of Writing. In G.E Hawisher & A.O Soter (Eds.). On Literacy and Its Teaching (pp.174-189). New York: SUNY Press.
Lunsford, A. A., Ruszkiewicz, J. J., & Walters, K. (2001). Everything's an Argument. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Lunsford, A., Wilson, K,. & Eberly, R. (2009). The Sage handbook of rhetorical studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412982795
Magolda, M. B. (1992). Knowing and reasoning in college: Gender-related patterns in students' intellectual development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Magolda, M.B. (2001). A constructivist revision of the measure of epistemological reflection.
Journal of College Student Development, 42(6), 520-534.
Mason, L., & Boscolo, P. (2004). Role of epistemological understanding and interest in interpreting a controversy and in topic-specific belief change. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29(2), 103-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.01.001
Mason, L., & Scirica, F. (2006). Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding. Learning and Instruction, 16(5), 492-509. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2006.09.007
Mateos, M., Cuevas, I., Martin, E., Marin, A., Echelta, G., & Luna, M. (2011). Reading to write an argumentation: The role of epistemological and writing beliefs. Journal of Research in Reading, 34(3), 281-297. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1467-9817.2010.01437.x
Maggioni, L., & Parkinson, M. M. (2008). The role of teacher epistemic cognition, epistemic beliefs, and calibration in instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 445-461. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s10648-008-9081-8
McAlexander, P. J. (1994). Ideas in practice: Audience awareness in developmental composition.
Journal of Developmental Education, 20(1), 28-34.
McMillen, P. S., & Hill, E. (2004). Why teach ‘‘research as a conversation’’ in freshman composition courses? A metaphor to help librarians and composition instructors develop a shared model. Research strategies, 20(1), 3-22. http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.resstr.2005.07.005
Perry, W. (1970). Forms of ethical and intellectual development in the college years: A scheme.
San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Pirttilä-Backman, A. M., & Kajanne, A. (2001). The development of implicit epistemologies during early and middle adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 8(2), 81-97. http://dx.doi.org /10.1023/A:1026441801408
Rohen, D. H., & Willey, R. J. (1988). The effect of audience awareness on drafting and revising.
Research in the Teaching of English, 22(1), 75-88.
Shell, D. F., Colvin, C., & Bruning, R. H. (1995). Self-efficacy, attribution, and outcome expectancy mechanisms in reading and writing achievement: Grade-level and achievement- level differences. Journal of Educational Psychology,87(3), 386.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-0663.87.3.386
Schommer, M. (1990). Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 498-504. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-0663.82.3.498
Schommer, M. (1993). Comparisons of beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning among postsecondary students. Research in Higher Education, 34(3), 355-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991849
Schommer, M. (1993b). Epistemological development and academic performance among secondary students. Journal of educational psychology,85(3), 406-411. http://dx.doi.org /10.1037/0022-0663.85.3.406
Schommer, M. (1998). The influence of age and education on epistemological beliefs. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 551-562. http://dx.doi.org /10.1111/j.2044- 8279.1998.tb01311.x
Schommer, M., Crouse, A., & Rhodes, N. (1992). Epistemological beliefs and mathematical text comprehension: Believing it is simple does not make it so. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(4), 435-443. http://dx.doi.org /10.1037/0022-0663.84.4.435
Schommer-Akins, M. (2004). Explaining the epistemological belief system: Introducing the embedded systemic model and coordinated research approach. Educational Psychologist, 39(1), 19-29. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1207/s15326985ep3901_3
Schommer‐Aikins, M., & Easter, M. (2006). Ways of knowing and epistemological beliefs: Combined effect on academic performance. Educational Psychology, 26(3), 411-423. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/01443410500341304
Schommer-Akins, M., & Hutter, R. (2002). Epistemological beliefs and thinking about everyday controversial issues. The Journal of Psychology, 136(1), 5-20. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/00223980209604134
Schommer, M., & Dunnell, P. A. (1994). A comparison of epistemological beliefs between gifted and non‐gifted high school students. Roeper Review,16(3), 207-210. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/02783199409553575
Schraw, G. (2000). Reader beliefs and meaning construction in narrative text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(1), 96-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.1.96
Schraw, G. (2013). Conceptual Integration and Measurement of Epistemological and Ontological Beliefs in Educational Research. ISRN Education, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/327680 Schraw, G., Bendixen, L. D., & Dunkle, M. E. (2002). Development and validation of the Epistemic Belief Inventory (EBI). In B. Hofer & P. Pintrich (Eds.), Personal epistemology
(pp.262-275). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Trautwein, U., & Lüdtke, O. (2007). Epistemological beliefs, school achievement, and college major: A large-scale longitudinal study on the impact of certainty beliefs. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32(3), 348-366.
White, M. J., & Bruning, R. (2005). Implicit writing beliefs and their relation to writing quality. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30(2), 166-189.
Wood, P., & Kardash, C. (2002). Critical elements in the design and analysis of studies of
epistemology. In B. Hofer & P. Pintrich (Eds.), Personal epistemology (pp.231-260). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wood, P., Kitchener, K.S, & Jensen, L. (2002). Considerations in the design and evaluation of a paper-and-pencil measure of epistemic cognition. In B.K. Hofer & P.R. Pintrich (Eds.),Personal
epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing (pp. 277-294). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
Yancey, K. B. (2001). WPA outcomes statement for first-year composition. College English, 63(3), 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/378996